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__ **Music Censorship in Other Countries** __

Zimbabwea** Thomas Mapfumo, the most popular artist in Zimbabwean music for the past 20 years, has been forced to move to the United States after bans and death threats followed his criticism of prime minister Robert Mugabe.(2)
 * __Africa__

Sam Muraya, Franco Luambo Makiadi, Thomas Mapfumo, and Oliver Mtukudzi are amoung musicians that have been banned in Africa. (3)

to read more about censorship in Africa click [|here] Middle East __** In Province, Pashto singer, Sardar Yousafzai and 11 members of his orchastra were ambushed and shot by an armed group. The group was part the Taliban's violent campaign against musical expression. (4)
 * __
 * Pakistan**

Isreali officials placed restrictions on the free movement of musicians traveling to and from West Bank. (1)
 * Palestine**

In 1997 a ban was placed on women so that they could not sing in public. (1)
 * Iran**

more about the Middle East [|here] Asia __** Kham Lait's songs about civil war and homeland struggle. He was made to avoid words such as smoke, guns, and peace in his songs by the PSB (Press Scrutiny Board). (2)
 * __
 * Burma**

Fahd al-Qarni,singer and comedian, faced charges of insulting the president. The reasoning was because al-Qarni's songs mixed folk music with criticism of government policies. (4)
 * Yemen**

more about Asia [|here]

Lebanon** Singer Marcel Khalife has been prosecuted twice for blasphemy after he turned verses from the Koran into music. (1)
 * __ Europe __

Koma Asmin, an all female group, was recently tried for singing the Kurdish anthem by the Istanbul State Security Court. The anthem has been banned for sixty years. (1)
 * Turkey**

Bulent Ersoy, a transexual singer, was charged with “turning the public against military service." The reasoning was because of remarks on tv saying that if she had a son she would not send him to the war. (4)

more about Europe [|here]

__**Latin America**__

The popular ballads known as narcocorridos are censored because they glorify drug bandits.(2)
 * Mexico**

Carlos Calafell, director of radio station Nueva Gerona, was fired for playing a rap song that was considered critical of Fidel Castro's regime.
 * Cuba**

Gorki Luis Aguila Carrasco, from the punk group Porno Par Ricardo, was sentenced to four years in prison. Carrasco was charged for drug trafficking without evidence.(2)

more about Latin America [|here]

Watch videos of artists from different countries talk about music censorship here.

Music Censorship Home U.S. Music Censorship Timeline FCC and Clear Channel
 * Other Pages**

(1) Williamson, N. (2004). Banned!. //Billboard//, //116//(21), 1-60.
 * References**

(2) Korpe, M. (2004). //Shoot the singer!//. New York, NY: Zed Books Ltd.

(3) Avorgbedor, D. (2009). Public enemy, or, sensing censorship:musical performance and semiotic disobedience. //Research in African Literatures//, //40//(3), 221-233.

(4)Murdered for music. (2009). //News Internationalist.// Issue 421, p11-11.